C2-34 Reading Comprehension

Climate Justice and Intergenerational Ethics

Climate change is not only a scientific and technical challenge but also a profound ethical issue, raising questions about justice, responsibility, and the rights of future generations. While those least responsible for greenhouse gas emissions often suffer the most severe consequences, current actions (or inaction) will shape the well-being and opportunities of people yet unborn.

和訳

気候変動は科学的・技術的課題にとどまらず、正義や責任、将来世代の権利をめぐる重大な倫理問題でもあります。温室効果ガス排出の責任が最も小さい人々ほど深刻な被害を受けやすく、現在の行動(あるいは無為)が、まだ生まれていない人々の幸福や可能性を大きく左右するのです。

The principle of climate justice demands equitable distribution of burdens and benefits, taking into account historical responsibility, present vulnerability, and the needs of the most marginalized. International agreements, such as the Paris Accord, attempt to address these imbalances, but enforcement and implementation remain contentious.

和訳

気候正義の原則は、歴史的責任や現在の脆弱性、最も弱い立場の人々のニーズを考慮しつつ、負担と利益を公正に分配することを求めます。パリ協定など国際的な枠組みもこうした格差の是正を目指していますが、履行や実効性には多くの課題が残っています。

Intergenerational ethics expands the scope of justice beyond living populations, urging policymakers and citizens to consider the long-term effects of today’s decisions. This raises dilemmas about discounting future risks, weighing short-term costs against long-term gains, and representing the interests of those who cannot speak for themselves.

和訳

世代間倫理は、正義の範囲を現存する人間だけでなく未来の人々にも広げ、政策決定者や市民に「今日の選択が将来に与える影響」を考慮するよう促します。これは、将来リスクの割引や短期的コストと長期的利益のバランス、声を上げられない存在の利益の代弁など、さまざまなジレンマを生みます。

Ultimately, addressing climate justice and intergenerational ethics requires transformative thinking, inclusive participation, and legal innovations that recognize the rights of future generations and the interconnectedness of all life on Earth.

和訳

結局のところ、気候正義と世代間倫理に取り組むには、地球上のすべての生命のつながりと将来世代の権利を認める法的革新、そして変革的な思考や包摂的な参加が必要不可欠です。

問題

1. Why is climate change described as an ethical issue?

Answer: It raises questions about justice, responsibility, and the rights of both current and future generations.

解説: 正義や責任、現世代・将来世代の権利を問う倫理問題だからです。

2. What does the principle of climate justice require?

Answer: Equitable distribution of burdens and benefits, considering historical responsibility and the needs of the vulnerable.

解説: 負担・利益の公正な分配と、責任や弱者の配慮が求められます。

3. What are some challenges to implementing climate justice globally?

Answer: Difficulties with enforcement, imbalances between nations, and contentious implementation of agreements.

解説: 履行や国際的格差、実効性の問題などです。

4. How does intergenerational ethics expand the scope of justice?

Answer: By considering the rights and interests of future people, not just those alive today.

解説: 将来世代の利益も正義の範囲に含める点です。

5. What is ultimately needed to address climate justice and intergenerational ethics?

Answer: Transformative thinking, inclusive participation, and legal frameworks recognizing future generations’ rights and ecological interconnectedness.

解説: 変革的思考・包摂・法的枠組みの革新が必要です。

文章の解説

climate justice / historical responsibility(気候正義・歴史的責任)

排出量や被害の不均衡を正義の視点から問う。

intergenerational ethics / discounting(世代間倫理・割引)

将来世代の権利を重視し、未来リスクの重みをどう扱うかの問題。

inclusive participation / legal innovation(包摂的参加・法的革新)

多様な声の反映と、将来世代の権利を保障する法制度の新展開。

burden / opportunity(負担・機会)

被害やコストだけでなく、適応・変革のチャンスとしての側面。

重要語句まとめ
英語表現意味・ポイント
contentious議論を呼ぶ、対立的な
vulnerability脆弱性
enforcement施行、強制力
transformative変革的な
well-being幸福、福祉