結果を重視する動詞や表現を使う: 中国語:「我把窗户打开了。」 (私は窓を開けた。)
英語だと、"I opened the window." で「開ける」という行為とその結果(開いた状態)が動詞に含まれているね。
さらに「結果」を強調したいなら、"I got the window open." のように、"get + O + Adjective/Past Participle" の形を使うこともある。
具体的な動詞を選ぶ: 中国語:「请把这本书放在桌子上。」 (この本を机の上に置いてください。)
英語だと:"Please put this book on the table." のように、"put" という動詞が「置く」という処置とその結果の場所を自然に含んでいるね。
使役動詞のようなニュアンス: 「把」は、目的語をある状態に「させる」という、使役に近いニュアンスも持つことがあるんだ。
例:「他把我气死了。」(Tā bǎwǒqìsǐle. - 彼は私を死ぬほど怒らせた。)
英語だと "He made me so angry I could die." のように、"make" を使う感覚に近いかもしれないね。
Lesson 70: Mastering the "把 (bǎ)" Construction (Review and Application)
This lesson provides a comprehensive review and further application of the "把 (bǎ)" construction, emphasizing the variety of elements that can follow the verb to indicate the result or disposition of the object.
Review of Basic Rules:
The object after "把" must be definite or specific.
The verb must be an action verb that disposes of or has an impact on the object.
There must be "other elements" after the verb (e.g., aspect particles, resultative complements, directional complements, reduplicated verbs, complements of duration/frequency).
Aspect Particles (了, 着): 他把门打开了。 (He opened the door.)
Resultative Complements: 我把衣服洗干净了。 (I washed the clothes clean.)
Directional Complements: 他把书拿出来了。 (He took the book out.)
Reduplicated Verbs: 你把这篇文章看看。 (You take a look at this article.)
Prepositional Phrases (indicating result/location/recipient): This often involves verbs followed by 在, 到, 给, 成.
V + 在 + Place: 他把书放在桌子上了。 (He put the book on the table.)
V + 到 + Place: 请你把这个送到他家去。 (Please deliver this to his home.)
V + 给 + Recipient: 我把这本书送给他了。 (I gave this book to him.)
V + 成 + Result: 他把“十”字写成“土”字了。 (He mistakenly wrote "十" as "土".)
Common Fixed Expressions with "把":
把~叫做~ (bǎ...jiàozuò...): to call ... as ... (e.g., 我们把熊猫叫做“国宝”。 - We call pandas "national treasures.")
把~当做~ (bǎ...dàngzuò...): to regard ... as ... (e.g., 他把我当做自己的弟弟。 - He treats me as his own younger brother.)
The "把" construction is a versatile and important structure for indicating how an object is dealt with and the outcome of that action. It allows for more vivid and specific descriptions than a simple SVO sentence.