時量補語 ⇔ 英語の "for + 期間" や "期間 + ago" など
「我学习了两个小时汉语。(Wǒ xuéxí leliǎng ge xiǎoshí Hànyǔ.)」 (私は2時間中国語を勉強しました)
これは、英語の "I studied Chinese for two hours." と似ているね。
「他来了十分钟了。(Tā lái leshí fēnzhōngle.)」 (彼が来てから10分になります)
これは、"He came ten minutes ago (and is still here)." や "He has been here for ten minutes." のようなニュアンスに近いかな。
動量補語 ⇔ 英語の "回数 + times" や副詞など
「我去过三次中国。(Wǒ qù guosān cì Zhōngguó.)」 (私は3回中国へ行ったことがあります)
これは、英語の "I have been to China three times." とそっくりだね!
「请再说一遍。(Qǐng zài shuōyí biàn.)」 (どうぞもう一度言ってください)
これは、"Please say it again (from beginning to end)." や "Please repeat it once more." のような感じだね。「遍 (biàn)」は「全過程を通して」というニュアンスが強いのが特徴だよ。
Lesson 37: Complements of Duration (Time Measure) and Frequency (Action Measure)
This lesson introduces two types of complements that quantify actions: Complements of Duration (时量补语 - shíliàng bǔyǔ) and Complements of Frequency (动量补语 - dòngliàng bǔyǔ). They are placed after the verb.
Complement of Duration (时量补语): Indicates the length of time an action lasts or has lasted.
Structure: Subject + Verb (+ Object) (+ 了) + Duration Complement.
Example: 我学习了两个小时汉语。 (Wǒ xuéxí le liǎng ge xiǎoshí Hànyǔ. - I studied Chinese for two hours.)
If the object is a personal pronoun: Verb + Pronoun Object (+ 了) + Duration Complement. (e.g., 我等了他半个小时。 - I waited for him for half an hour.)
For ongoing or future actions, "的 (de)" might be used: Verb + Duration Complement + 的 + Object. (e.g., 我看一个小时的书。 - I read books for an hour.)
Complement of Frequency (动量补语): Indicates the number of times an action is performed.
Structure: Subject + Verb (+ Object) (+ 了/过) + Frequency Complement.
Common frequency measure words: 次 (cì - times), 遍 (biàn - times, for the entire process), 趟 (tàng - times, for round trips or making a trip), 声 (shēng - times, for sounds), 下 (xià - times, for brief actions).
Example: 我去过三次中国。 (Wǒ qù guo sān cì Zhōngguó. - I have been to China three times.)
If the object is a personal pronoun: Verb + Pronoun Object (+ 了) + Frequency Complement. (e.g., 我找了他两次。 - I looked for him twice.)
If the object is a general noun: Verb (+ 了) + Frequency Complement + Object (or Verb + Object + Verb + Frequency Complement). (e.g., 我看了一遍这本书。 - I read this book through once.)
The placement of objects with these complements can be tricky and depends on the type of object and the specific context. These complements are essential for expressing detailed information about actions.