a がなければ、o か e を探す。あれば、o または e の上につける。(o と e が両方ある韻母は基本的にないよ)
a, o, e がなければ、残りの母音(i, u, ü)のうち、ピンイン表記で後ろに来る方につける。
…と言いたいところだけど、もっと簡単な覚え方は、口が一番大きく開く母音の上につけると覚えておくといいよ!
優先順位: a > o, e > i, u, ü (この中で一番優先度が高い母音の上につける)
ただし、iu, ui の組み合わせの時は特別ルール!
iu (iou) の時は、u の上につける。(例:)
ui (uei) の時は、i の上につける。(例:)
例: hao → a の上に ge → e の上に lai → a の上に kou → o の上に xue (üの音) → e の上に (本当はüeなのでeが優先) shui → i の上に (特別ルールui)
This lesson summarizes important Pinyin spelling rules and conventions:
Zero Initial Syllables:
Finals starting with 'i' are written with 'y' (e.g., i → yi, ian → yan).
Finals starting with 'u' are written with 'w' (e.g., u → wu, uan → wan).
Finals starting with 'ü' are written with 'yu' (dots omitted) (e.g., ü → yu, üe → yue).
Spelling of ü after j, q, x: The dots above 'ü' are omitted when it follows j, q, or x (e.g., j + ü → ju).
Abbreviated Finals: Some finals are abbreviated in spelling when combined with an initial:
iou → iu (e.g., liou → liu)
uei → ui (e.g., duei → dui)
uen → un (e.g., luen → lun)
Placement of Tone Marks: Tone marks are placed on vowels in a specific order of priority: a > o, e > i, u, ü. The mark goes on the vowel that opens the mouth widest. Special rules apply for iu (on u) and ui (on i).
Syllable-Dividing Mark (隔音符号 '): An apostrophe (') is used to separate syllables to avoid ambiguity, especially when a syllable starting with a, o, or e follows a syllable ending in a, o, or e (e.g., Xī'ān).
Understanding these rules is crucial for accurate Pinyin reading and writing. This concludes the basic pronunciation section. The next lessons will focus on practical phrases and conversations.